Final Report Water & Wastewater Study for the (This is just an overview
of the 250+ page final design report contents.)
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
Appendices
q Appendix
I – Maps & Drawings
q Appendix II – Questionnaires
q Appendix
III – Water Supply Network Model
q Appendix IV – Trunk Main of Water Supply
Network
q Appendix V – Close-up on Flow Velocity in
Supply Model
q Appendix
VI – Close-up on Unit Headloss in Supply Model
q Appendix VII – Close-up on Node Pressure in
Supply Model
q Appendix
VIII – Full EPANet Hydraulic Analysis Report
Project Appreciation
History of Qalamoun
q General Background: Tripoli
q Historical origins of Qalamoun
Geographical Conditions
q Geographical Location
q Geological Conditions
Water Resources
q Principal Sources
q Internal Region Sources
q Sources in the Field
q Wells and Other Sources
q Subsurface Water
Weather Conditions
q Climate
q Rainfall
q Temperature
Habitations and Roads
q Habitations
q The roads
Economy
q Industry and Artisanat
q Agriculture
q Fishing
Questionnaire and Demographic Analysis
q Introduction
q Population Distribution
q Average Monthly Income
q Average Number of Persons in a family
q Estate Growth
q Population Growth
q Information about the Water Conditions
Categories of Consumption
q Domestic Use
q Trade Consumption
q Agriculture
q Public Use
q Losses
q Peaking Factors
q Land Use
Description of Current Supply System
q Overview of the system
q Present Water Sources
q Existing Facilities
Current Water Quality Conditions
q Natural Springs
q Wells
q Hab
Description of Proposed Supply System
q Well Fields
q Service Reservoir
q Distribution Network Characteristics
q Metering Recommendations
q Fire Hydrants
Water Treatment Plant Description
q Location of the Water Treatment Plant
q Rapid Filtration
q Design Calculations of filter
q Disinfection
q Design Calculations
q Plant Layout
Proposed Wastewater Network
q Present Conditions
q Wastewater network
q Sewerage System Plan
q Sewer Design Calculation Sheet
q Main A: design
q Materials for sewers
q Site Selection
q Wastewater Sampling Results
q Current Outfall Locations
q Biological
process – Alternatives
q Individual Wastewater Treatment Units -
alternatives
q Sludge Treatment
q Odor Control
q Final Effluent Pumping Station and Sea Outfall
DESIGN OF THE WASTEWATER PLANT
q Screens
q Grit/Grease Chambers
q Primary Sedimentation
q Return
Activated Sludge Pumping Station
q Activated Sludge Tank
q Secondary Settling Tank
q Sludge Thickener
q Digesters
q Sludge Dewatering Unit
q Outfall Design
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
q Summary
q Introduction
q Description of the Project
q Description of the environment
q Analysis of Temporary Environmental Impacts
q Permanent Environmental Impacts
q Environmental Monitoring Program
Specifications
q Introduction
q General Clarifier Specifications
Bill of Quantity & Cost Estimation
q Bill of Quantity
q Cost Estimation
Acknowledgements
Team Members
References
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Table 1 :
Age
Distribution
Table 2 :
Monthly
Income
Table 3 :
Population
Growth: Sources
Table 4 :
Percentages
of More than 18 (Male and Women)
Table 5 :
Estate
Growth( houses, Shops, Factories)
Table 6 :
Linear and
Exponential Expansion of Houses
Table 7 :
Secant
Population Expansion
Table 8 :
Critical
Growth Forecast Values
Table 9 :
Exponential
Expansion Results
Table 10: Person per House Ratio according to Linear Expansion
Table 11: %Demand Distribution – (not supplying tourism)
Table 12: %Demand Distribution – (supplying tourism)
Table 13: Breakdown of Total Consumption
Table 14: Demand Rates & Peaking Factors in the Year 2030
Table 15: Current Water Supply Characteristics
Table 16: Laboratory Results for Various Water Samples
Table 17-18: Storage Volume (Case of Continuous 24hr & Periodic 6hr
Supply)
Table 19: Estimates of Area/Density Served by a 150mm Secondary
Table 20: Wastewater Flow Peaking Factors
Table 21: The
Minimum Slope Required For Different Diameter Pipes
Table 22: Spread Sheet Related to the Pipe Design Data
Table 23: Continuity of Spreadsheet
Table 24: Trench Width Required For Different Nominal Diameters
Table 25-26: Numerical Results of the Spreadsheet
Table 27: Wastewater Treatment Plant Site Selection Using Weighted
Decision Factors
Table 28: Laboratory Results for Two Wastewater Samples
Table 29:
Comparison of Different Types of Biological Processes
Table 30: Comparison of Activated Sludge Processes
Table 31: Comparison of Flow Measurements
Table 32: Comparison of Sludge Utilization Methods
Table 33: Comparison of Sludge Treatment Alternatives
Table 34: Comparison of Sludge Thickening Alternatives
Table 35: Comparison of Sludge Stabilization Alternatives
Table 36: Comparison of Sludge Dewatering Alternatives
Table 37: Major Parameters in the Treatment of Wastewater
Table 38: Wave Height and Frequencies Data
Table 39: Salinity Data
Table 40: Temperature Data
Table 41: Seawater Density Data
Table 42: Four Scenarios for the Design of an Outfall
Table 43: Results for the design of Outfall
Table
44: Temporary Environmental Impact
Table
45: Permanent Environmental Impact
Table 46: Mitigation Plan for Temporary Impact
Table 47: Mitigation Plan for Permanent Impact
Table 48: Bill of Quantities
Table 49: Cost Estimation
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Figure 1 :
Ratio of
Women to Men
Figure 2 :
Age
Distribution
Figure 3 :
Average
Monthly Income
Figure 4 :
Ratio of
over 18 year’s old Population
Figure 5 :
Linear
Expansion of Residential Houses
Figure 6 :
Exponential
Expansion of Residential Houses
Figure 7 :
Linear
Expansion of Factories
Figure 8 :
Linear
Expansion of Shops
Figure 9 :
Exponential
Expansion of Population Growth
Figure 10: Linear Expansion of Population Growth
Figure 11: Breakdown of Domestic Consumption
Figure 12: Variation in Demand Categories over Design Period – (without
tourism)
Figure 13: Variation in Demand Categories over Design Period – (with
tourism)
Figure 14: Breakdown of Current Trade Consumption – (with & without
tourism)
Figure 15: Picture of a ‘Hab’ Well with a Chlorine Feeder
Figure 16: Picture of a ‘Hab’ Well with a Chlorine Feeder
Figure 17: Picture of Old Storage Tanks
Figure 18: Picture of New Storage Tanks
Figure 19: Picture of Relative Elevation of Old & New Storage Tanks
Figure 20: Schematic of Locating Reservoir on High Ground in Qalamoun
Figure 21: Schematic of Using a ‘Rise & Fall’
Figure 22: Variation in Demand on Maximum Day (Ration)
Figure 23: Variation in Demand on Maximum Day (Rate)
Figure 24: Cumulative Supply & Demand Curves (24hr Supply)
Figure 25: Cumulative Supply & Demand Curves (6hr Supply)
Figure 26: Accumulation of Water in Storage Reservoir
Figure 27: Schematic of Rapid Sand-Anthracite Sand Filter
Figure 28: Proposed Water Treatment Plant Layout
Figure 29: Picture of Sea Outfall
Figure 30: Picture of Sea Outfall
Figure 31: Seawater Density Profile (Summer Conditions)
Figure 32: Seawater Density Profile (Winter Conditions)
Figure 33: Picture of a Clarifier
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q Appendix I – Maps & Drawings
Drawing
1: Location Map
Drawing
2: Neighboring Villages
Drawing
3: Topological Map
Drawing
4: Geological Map
Drawing
5: Relative Location Grid
Drawing
6: Cadastral Map
Drawing
7: Contour Map
Drawing
8: Regional Slopes
Drawing
9: Spot Locations
Drawing
10: Survey Spots
Drawing
11: Preliminary Distribution Network –
Preliminary
Drawing
12: Proposed Expansion for 2030 –
Preliminary
Drawing
13: Wastewater Plant Components
Drawing
14: Wastewater Plant Layout
Drawing
15: Roads Map
Drawing
16: Categorization of Land Parcels in
Qalamoun
Drawing
17: Actual Population Distribution in
Qalamoun (dot chart)
Drawing
18: Maximum Daily Domestic Demand in
Drawing
19: Basic Domestic to Added Demand in
Drawing
20:
Drawing 21: Total
Max. Daily to Peak
Hourly Demand in
Drawing
22: Theoretical Population Distribution
in Qalamoun (dot chart)
Drawing
23: Plan View of Storage Reservoir
Drawing
24: Section View of Storage Reservoir
Drawing
25: Profile of Water Supply Trunk
Drawing
26: Close-up on N-West Section of
Qalamoun Water Supply Network
Drawing
27: Water Treatment Plant – Schematic
Drawing
28: Preliminary Sedimentation Tank –
Plan View
Drawing
29: Preliminary Sedimentation Tank –
Section View
Drawing
30: Rapid Filter – Plan View
Drawing
31: Rapid Filter – Section View
Drawing
32: Disinfection Tank – Plan View
Drawing
33: Disinfection Tank – Section View
Drawing
34: Hydraulic Profile in Wastewater Network
Drawing
35: Section of Manhole
Drawing
36: Wastewater Treatment Plant – Layout of Components
Drawing
37: Hydraulic Profile of Wastewater Treatment Plant
Drawing
38: Anaerobic Digestion – Plan & Section
Views
Drawing
39: Activated Sludge Aeration Tank –
Plan & Section View
Drawing
40: Sea Outfall Siting on Bathymetric
Map of Qalamoun
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q Appendix II – Questionnaires
Form
1: Distributed Questionnaire
Form
2: Questionnaire Results
q Appendix III – Water Supply Network Model
Layout showing pipe nomenclature
Layout showing pipe diameters
Layout showing node nomenclature & elevation range
Contour plot of node elevations
Contour plot of node demands
System Flow Balance
Frequency plot of pipe lengths distribution
Frequency plot of pipe diameters distribution
q
Appendix IV – Trunk Main of Water Supply Network
Scaled profile of trunk main
Table of profile, distance from reservoir, & HGL points
Profile of head at
Profile of elevation
Time series of head variation for nodes N32, N6, N33, & N35
q Appendix V – Close-up on Flow Velocity in Supply Model
Layout showing flow velocity in pipes
Frequency plot of flow velocity distribution at
Frequency plot of flow velocity distribution at
Time series of flow velocity variation in links L0644, L3206, L0633,
L3906, & L3029
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q Appendix VI – Close-up on Unit Headloss in Supply Model
Profile of head at
Frequency plot of unit headloss distribution at
Frequency plot of unit headloss distribution at
Time series of flow velocity variation in links L3029, L1211, L2728,
L3206, & L3906
q Appendix VII – Close-up on Node Pressure in Supply Model
Contour plot of node pressures
Frequency plot of node pressure distribution at
Time series of node pressure variation in nodes N25, N31, N18, N01, & N14
q Appendix VIII – Full EPANet Hydraulic Analysis Report
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This report presents a comprehensive assessment of the current and future water quantity and quality conditions in the Qalamoun locality, upon which the final design of the corresponding systems has been realized. The earlier preliminary report provided extensive background information and guidelines necessary to carry out a reasonable appraisal of the current supply and sewerage systems and to justify all recommendations for the systems to be implemented. The proposed water and wastewater networks, along with their respective plants, have been chosen after an elaborate selection procedure through which various relevant alternatives were considered. Optimum alternatives were recommended on the basis of reliability, cost, environmental & social impact, ease of operation, and facile maintenance.
The major water supply problems prevalent in Qalamoun nowadays are scarcity of supply during summer and partial bacteriological contamination of private wells due to proximity to septic tanks and sewer/supply pipe overlaps. As to the wastewater network, calling it a network is certainly a misnomer; it is more of a series of disjointed sewer connections traversing the Qalamoun coastline on which over 50 major and minor outfalls are haphazardly located.
In the absence of utility maps, technical data, and support from authorities, our task of compiling huge amounts of information, which are to be both relevant and credible, was not an easy one. Many assumptions had to be made and values to be extracted from analogous studies on localities with similar geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. In other words, a lot of the decisions made and alternatives recommended in the preliminary report were not solely but partially attributed to the so-called ‘idealistic’ engineering judgment of fresh engineers. This called for further investigation and analysis of the results drawn and sufficient consideration to alternatives other than those recommended before having them ruled out as final design options. Accordingly, a more plausible justification of the selected alternatives accompanies the final design details of the proposed systems and components existing herein.
It was not but with the due
assistance, support, and patience of the following that this endeavor has been
realized:
Dina Chammas
Nazih Kasan
Amal Iaali
Hani El Naghi
Tareq Sohyoun, PhD
Abboud Zeidan
Amin Marhaba
Taleb Naamani
Chamber of Commerce –
Qalamoun Municipality
Khatib & Alami Ltd.
EPANet
Mailing List
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This “Water & Sewage
Works Design for the Qalamoun Village” project/report has been
conceived, compiled, written, edited, and presented by the following members of
the Class of 2002 senior students of the Civil & Environmental Engineering
Department in the
Ø
Terence J. McGhee. “Water Supply and Sewerage”, McGraw-Hill
International Edition (1991).
Ø “National Standards for Environmental Quality, Wastewater Discharges”, MOE (2000).
Ø “Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse”, McGraw-Hill Inc. (1991).
Ø “German ATV-Standard A 131 For The Design Of Wastewater Treatment Plants”.
Ø
“Design of Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Plants”, Vol.1. WEF & ASCE (1994).
Ø
“Design of Municipal Treatment
Plants”, Vol.2. WEF & ASCE (1994).
Ø
“Design of Wastewater and Storm
water Pumping Stations”. Manual of practice FD4, WEF & FDSTPC(1994).
Ø
John Wiley. “Small Community Water Supplies”, 1988
Ø
A.C. Twort & F.M. Law &
F.W. Crowley & D.D. Ratnayaka.
“Water Supply” (1994).
Ø
“Water Treatment Plant Design”,
ASCE & AWWA (1990).
Ø
“Water and Wastewater Study for
the Sour Drainage Zone”, Lahmeyer International & Al Mouhit Societe de
Genie (October 1994).
Ø
“Water and Wastewater Feasibility
Studies In Saida Drainage Zone”, Jouzy & Partners Consulting Engineering
Bureau (CEB) (January 1995).
Ø
“Water Transmission and Distribution”,
AWWA (1996).
Ø
“Wastewater Disposal and Storm
Water Drainage For City Of
Ø
Dr. Tareq Sahyoun. “From the Village to The
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