Final Report

Water & Wastewater Study for the Qalamoun Village

(This is just an overview of the 250+ page final design report contents.)

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Table of Contents

 

 

List of Tables

List of Figures

Appendices

q     Appendix I – Maps & Drawings

q     Appendix II – Questionnaires

q     Appendix III – Water Supply Network Model

q     Appendix IV – Trunk Main of Water Supply Network

q     Appendix V – Close-up on Flow Velocity in Supply Model

q     Appendix VI – Close-up on Unit Headloss in Supply Model

q     Appendix VII – Close-up on Node Pressure in Supply Model

q     Appendix VIII – Full EPANet Hydraulic Analysis Report

Project Appreciation

History of Qalamoun

q     General Background: Tripoli

q     Historical origins of Qalamoun

Geographical Conditions

q     Geographical Location

q     Geological Conditions

Water Resources

q     Principal Sources

q     Internal Region Sources

q     Sources in the Field

q     Wells and Other Sources

q     Subsurface Water

Weather Conditions

q     Climate

q     Rainfall

q     Temperature

Habitations and Roads

q     Habitations

q     The roads

Economy

q     Industry and Artisanat

q     Agriculture

q     Fishing

Questionnaire and Demographic Analysis

q     Introduction

q     Population Distribution

q     Average Monthly Income

q     Average Number of Persons in a family

q     Estate Growth

q     Population Growth

q     Information about the Water Conditions

Categories of Consumption

q     Domestic Use

q     Trade Consumption

q     Agriculture

q     Public Use

q     Losses

q     Peaking Factors

q     Land Use

Description of Current Supply System

q     Overview of the system

q     Present Water Sources

q     Existing Facilities

Current Water Quality Conditions

q     Natural Springs

q     Wells

q     Hab

Description of Proposed Supply System

q     Well Fields

q     Service Reservoir

q     Distribution Network Characteristics

q     Metering Recommendations

q     Fire Hydrants

Water Treatment Plant Description

q     Location of the Water Treatment Plant

q     Rapid Filtration

q     Design Calculations of filter

q     Disinfection

q     Design Calculations

q     Plant Layout

Proposed Wastewater Network

q     Present Conditions

q     Wastewater network

q     Sewerage System Plan

q     Sewer Design Calculation Sheet

q     Main A: design

q     Materials for sewers

q     Site Selection

q     Wastewater Sampling Results

q     Current Outfall Locations

q     Biological process – Alternatives

q     Individual Wastewater Treatment Units - alternatives

q     Sludge Treatment

q     Odor Control

q     Final Effluent Pumping Station and Sea Outfall

DESIGN OF THE WASTEWATER PLANT

q     Screens

q     Grit/Grease Chambers

q     Primary Sedimentation

q     Return Activated Sludge Pumping Station

q     Activated Sludge Tank

q     Secondary Settling Tank

q     Sludge Thickener

q     Digesters

q     Sludge Dewatering Unit

q     Outfall Design

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS

q     Summary

q     Introduction

q     Description of the Project

q     Description of the environment

q     Analysis of Temporary Environmental Impacts

q     Permanent Environmental Impacts

q     Environmental Monitoring Program

Specifications

q     Introduction

q     General Clarifier Specifications

Bill of Quantity & Cost Estimation

q     Bill of Quantity

q     Cost Estimation

Acknowledgements

Team Members

References

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Table 1  :    Age Distribution

Table 2  :    Monthly Income

Table 3  :    Population Growth: Sources

Table 4  :    Percentages of More than 18 (Male and Women)

Table 5  :    Estate Growth( houses, Shops, Factories)

Table 6  :    Linear and Exponential Expansion of Houses

Table 7  :    Secant Population Expansion

Table 8  :    Critical Growth Forecast Values

Table 9  :    Exponential Expansion Results

Table 10:    Person per House Ratio according to Linear Expansion

Table 11:   %Demand Distribution – (not supplying tourism)

Table 12:   %Demand Distribution – (supplying tourism)

Table 13:   Breakdown of Total Consumption

Table 14:   Demand Rates & Peaking Factors in the Year 2030

Table 15:   Current Water Supply Characteristics

Table 16:   Laboratory Results for Various Water Samples

Table 17-18:   Storage Volume (Case of Continuous 24hr & Periodic 6hr Supply)

Table 19:   Estimates of Area/Density Served by a 150mm Secondary Main in 2010

Table 20:   Wastewater Flow Peaking Factors

Table 21:   The Minimum Slope Required For Different Diameter Pipes

Table 22:   Spread Sheet Related to the Pipe Design Data

Table 23:   Continuity of Spreadsheet

Table 24:   Trench Width Required For Different Nominal Diameters

Table 25-26:   Numerical Results of the Spreadsheet 

Table 27:   Wastewater Treatment Plant Site Selection Using Weighted Decision Factors

Table 28:   Laboratory Results for Two Wastewater Samples

Table 29:   Comparison of Different Types of Biological Processes

Table 30:   Comparison of Activated Sludge Processes

Table 31:   Comparison of Flow Measurements

Table 32:   Comparison of Sludge Utilization Methods

Table 33:   Comparison of Sludge Treatment Alternatives

Table 34:   Comparison of Sludge Thickening Alternatives

Table 35:   Comparison of Sludge Stabilization Alternatives

Table 36:   Comparison of Sludge Dewatering Alternatives

Table 37:   Major Parameters in the Treatment of Wastewater

Table 38:   Wave Height and Frequencies Data

Table 39:   Salinity Data

Table 40:   Temperature Data

Table 41:   Seawater Density Data

Table 42:   Four Scenarios for the Design of an Outfall

Table 43:   Results for the design of Outfall

Table 44:   Temporary Environmental Impact

Table 45:   Permanent Environmental Impact

Table 46:   Mitigation Plan for Temporary Impact

Table 47:   Mitigation Plan for Permanent Impact

Table 48:   Bill of Quantities

Table 49:   Cost Estimation

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Figure 1  :   Ratio of Women to Men

Figure 2  :   Age Distribution

Figure 3  :   Average Monthly Income

Figure 4  :   Ratio of over 18 year’s old Population

Figure 5  :   Linear Expansion of Residential Houses

Figure 6  :   Exponential Expansion of Residential Houses

Figure 7  :   Linear Expansion of Factories

Figure 8  :   Linear Expansion of Shops

Figure 9  :   Exponential Expansion of Population Growth

Figure 10:   Linear Expansion of Population Growth

Figure 11:   Breakdown of Domestic Consumption

Figure 12:   Variation in Demand Categories over Design Period – (without tourism)

Figure 13:   Variation in Demand Categories over Design Period – (with tourism)

Figure 14:   Breakdown of Current Trade Consumption – (with & without tourism)

Figure 15:   Picture of a ‘Hab’ Well with a Chlorine Feeder

Figure 16:   Picture of a ‘Hab’ Well with a Chlorine Feeder

Figure 17:   Picture of Old Storage Tanks

Figure 18:   Picture of New Storage Tanks

Figure 19:   Picture of Relative Elevation of Old & New Storage Tanks

Figure 20:   Schematic of Locating Reservoir on High Ground in Qalamoun

Figure 21:   Schematic of Using a ‘Rise & Fall’ Main to Connect Reservoir

Figure 22:   Variation in Demand on Maximum Day (Ration)

Figure 23:   Variation in Demand on Maximum Day (Rate)

Figure 24:   Cumulative Supply & Demand Curves (24hr Supply)

Figure 25:   Cumulative Supply & Demand Curves (6hr Supply)

Figure 26:   Accumulation of Water in Storage Reservoir

Figure 27:   Schematic of Rapid Sand-Anthracite Sand Filter

Figure 28:   Proposed Water Treatment Plant Layout

Figure 29:   Picture of Sea Outfall

Figure 30:   Picture of Sea Outfall

Figure 31:   Seawater Density Profile (Summer Conditions)

Figure 32:   Seawater Density Profile (Winter Conditions)

Figure 33:   Picture of a Clarifier

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                              Appendices

 

 

 

q       Appendix I – Maps & Drawings

 

Drawing 1:    Location Map

Drawing 2:    Neighboring Villages

Drawing 3:    Topological Map

Drawing 4:    Geological Map

Drawing 5:    Relative Location Grid

Drawing 6:    Cadastral Map

Drawing 7:    Contour Map

Drawing 8:    Regional Slopes

Drawing 9:    Spot Locations

Drawing 10: Survey Spots

Drawing 11: Preliminary Distribution Network – Preliminary

Drawing 12: Proposed Expansion for 2030 – Preliminary

Drawing 13: Wastewater Plant Components

Drawing 14: Wastewater Plant Layout

Drawing 15: Roads Map

Drawing 16: Categorization of Land Parcels in Qalamoun

Drawing 17: Actual Population Distribution in Qalamoun (dot chart)

Drawing 18: Maximum Daily Domestic Demand in All Land Parcels

Drawing 19: Basic Domestic to Added Demand in All Land Parcels (pie chart)

Drawing 20: Total Peak Hourly Domestic Demand in All Land Parcels

Drawing 21: Total Max. Daily to Peak Hourly Demand in All Land Parcels

Drawing 22: Theoretical Population Distribution in Qalamoun (dot chart)

Drawing 23: Plan View of Storage Reservoir

Drawing 24: Section View of Storage Reservoir

Drawing 25: Profile of Water Supply Trunk Main

Drawing 26: Close-up on N-West Section of Qalamoun Water Supply Network

Drawing 27: Water Treatment Plant – Schematic

Drawing 28: Preliminary Sedimentation Tank – Plan View

Drawing 29: Preliminary Sedimentation Tank – Section View

Drawing 30: Rapid Filter – Plan View

Drawing 31: Rapid Filter – Section View

Drawing 32: Disinfection Tank – Plan View

Drawing 33: Disinfection Tank – Section View

Drawing 34: Hydraulic Profile in Wastewater Network

Drawing 35: Section of Manhole

Drawing 36: Wastewater Treatment Plant – Layout of Components

Drawing 37: Hydraulic Profile of Wastewater Treatment Plant

Drawing 38: Anaerobic Digestion – Plan & Section Views

Drawing 39: Activated Sludge Aeration Tank – Plan & Section View

Drawing 40: Sea Outfall Siting on Bathymetric Map of Qalamoun

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q       Appendix II – Questionnaires

 

Form 1:          Distributed Questionnaire

Form 2:          Questionnaire Results

 

 

q       Appendix III – Water Supply Network Model

 

Layout showing pipe nomenclature

Layout showing pipe diameters

Layout showing node nomenclature & elevation range

Contour plot of node elevations

Contour plot of node demands

System Flow Balance

Frequency plot of pipe lengths distribution

Frequency plot of pipe diameters distribution

 

 

q        Appendix IV – Trunk Main of Water Supply Network

 

Scaled profile of trunk main

Table of profile, distance from reservoir, & HGL points

Profile of head at 12:00pm at nodes N32, N06, N33, & N35

Profile of elevation

Time series of head variation for nodes N32, N6, N33, & N35

 

 

q       Appendix V – Close-up on Flow Velocity in Supply Model

 

Layout showing flow velocity in pipes

Frequency plot of flow velocity distribution at 8:00am

Frequency plot of flow velocity distribution at 4:00pm

Time series of flow velocity variation in links L0644, L3206, L0633, L3906, & L3029

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q       Appendix VI – Close-up on Unit Headloss in Supply Model

 

Profile of head at 4:00pm at nodes N32, N06, N33, & N35

Frequency plot of unit headloss distribution at 8:00am

Frequency plot of unit headloss distribution at 4:00pm

Time series of flow velocity variation in links L3029, L1211, L2728, L3206, & L3906

 

 

q       Appendix VII – Close-up on Node Pressure in Supply Model

 

                Contour plot of node pressures

                Frequency plot of node pressure distribution at 4:00pm

                Time series of node pressure variation in nodes N25, N31, N18, N01, & N14

 

q       Appendix VIII – Full EPANet Hydraulic Analysis Report

 

 

 

[ Sample Maps & Drawings ]

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            This report presents a comprehensive assessment of the current and future water quantity and quality conditions in the Qalamoun locality, upon which the final design of the corresponding systems has been realized. The earlier preliminary report provided extensive background information and guidelines necessary to carry out a reasonable appraisal of the current supply and sewerage systems and to justify all recommendations for the systems to be implemented. The proposed water and wastewater networks, along with their respective plants, have been chosen after an elaborate selection procedure through which various relevant alternatives were considered. Optimum alternatives were recommended on the basis of reliability, cost, environmental & social impact, ease of operation, and facile maintenance.

 

            The major water supply problems prevalent in Qalamoun nowadays are scarcity of supply during summer and partial bacteriological contamination of private wells due to proximity to septic tanks and sewer/supply pipe overlaps. As to the wastewater network, calling it a network is certainly a misnomer; it is more of a series of disjointed sewer connections traversing the Qalamoun coastline on which over 50 major and minor outfalls are haphazardly located. 

 

            In the absence of utility maps, technical data, and support from authorities, our task of compiling huge amounts of information, which are to be both relevant and credible, was not an easy one. Many assumptions had to be made and values to be extracted from analogous studies on localities with similar geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic characteristics. In other words, a lot of the decisions made and alternatives recommended in the preliminary report were not solely but partially attributed to the so-called ‘idealistic’ engineering judgment of fresh engineers. This called for further investigation and analysis of the results drawn and sufficient consideration to alternatives other than those recommended before having them ruled out as final design options. Accordingly, a more plausible justification of the selected alternatives accompanies the final design details of the proposed systems and components existing herein.




 

 

It was not but with the due assistance, support, and patience of the following that this endeavor has been realized:

 

 

George Ayoub, PhD

Dina Chammas

Nazih Kasan

Amal Iaali

Hani El Naghi

Tareq Sohyoun, PhD

Abboud Zeidan

Amin Marhaba

Taleb Naamani

 

Chamber of Commerce – Tripoli

Tripoli Water Authority

Qalamoun Municipality

Khatib & Alami Ltd.

            EPANet Mailing List

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This “Water & Sewage Works Design for the Qalamoun Village project/report has been conceived, compiled, written, edited, and presented by the following members of the Class of 2002 senior students of the Civil & Environmental Engineering Department in the American University of Beirut:

 

 

Loai Naamani

Isabelle Maalouf

Abdulrahman Khasnahib

Michel Hawej

Amir Chehayeb

 

 

 

 

 

Ø      Terence J. McGhee.  “Water Supply and Sewerage”, McGraw-Hill International Edition (1991).

 

Ø      “National Standards for Environmental Quality, Wastewater Discharges”, MOE (2000).

 

Ø      “Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse”, McGraw-Hill Inc. (1991).

 

Ø      “German ATV-Standard A 131 For The Design Of Wastewater Treatment Plants”.

 

Ø      “Design of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants”, Vol.1. WEF & ASCE (1994).

 

Ø      “Design of Municipal Treatment Plants”, Vol.2. WEF & ASCE (1994).

 

Ø      “Design of Wastewater and Storm water Pumping Stations”. Manual of practice FD4, WEF & FDSTPC(1994).

 

Ø      John Wiley.  “Small Community Water Supplies”, 1988

 

Ø      A.C. Twort & F.M. Law & F.W. Crowley & D.D. Ratnayaka.  “Water Supply” (1994).

 

Ø      “Water Treatment Plant Design”, ASCE & AWWA (1990).

 

Ø      “Water and Wastewater Study for the Sour Drainage Zone”, Lahmeyer International & Al Mouhit Societe de Genie (October 1994).

 

Ø      “Water and Wastewater Feasibility Studies In Saida Drainage Zone”, Jouzy & Partners Consulting Engineering Bureau (CEB) (January 1995).

 

Ø      “Water Transmission and Distribution”, AWWA (1996).

 

Ø      “Wastewater Disposal and Storm Water Drainage For City Of Salt”, Jouzy & Partners (February 1975)

 

Ø      Dr. Tareq Sahyoun.  “From the Village to The Small Town; Qalamoun”, (1979).

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[ Sample Maps & Drawings ]